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GLOSSARY

In order to understand this group of organisms, how they function, how they evolved, and so on, you will need to know a number of words, their definitions, and how and when to use the words. Thus, you should put together a list of such words, definitions, and notes. Here are some items to start you in compiling your own list.

Note that many terms in the material in this WEB-page have not been listed separately in this glossary. This does not mean that it would be a wise idea for you to ignore the terms in the material above.

(If a word you seek is not in the following, you might find it in the general glossary.)

CHIMNEYS     (sing., chimney; noun)

"Regularly spaced gaps … in the distribution of the protruded lophophores, through which filtered water escapes" (McKinney and Jackson, 1989, p. 129). (see also: maculae).

LONGITUDINAL     (adj.)

With respect to bryozoans, referring to a section cut parallel to the length of zooecial tubes {Bassler, 1953, p. G11, G18} (cf.: tangential, transverse).

MACULAE     (sing., macula; noun)

regularly spaced, depressed areas in the surface of a bryozoan colony; the zoecia associated with maculae generally are of a size or nature different from those between maculae. Some workers have concluded that maculae and monticules are simply different manifestations of the same phenomenon, namely, excurrent chimneys, and they call all of them "maculae". [pronounced: mack you-lye or mack you-lee, depending on whether you prefer classical Latin or "Church Latin"] (cf.: monticules, chimneys).

MONTICULES     (sing., monticule; noun)

Regularly spaced, elevated areas in the surface of a bryozoan colony; the zoecia associated with monticules generally are of a size or nature different from those between monticules [pronounced: mont ǐ kyule] (cf.: maculae).

POLYPIDE     (noun)

The soft parts of a single zooid of a bryozoan colony [pronounced: poly-peed] (cf.: zooecium).

TANGENTIAL     (adj.)

With respect to bryozoans, referring to a section cut parallel to the surface of the zoarium and close enough to the surface of the colony to show the mature features of the zooecia in cross section; such a tangential section is perpendicular to a longitudinal section{Bassler, 1953, p. G15, G18} (cf.: longitudinal, transverse).

TRANSVERSE     (adj.)

With respect to bryozoans, referring to a section cut at right angles to the direction of growth of the zoarium {Bassler, 1953, p. G15, G18} (cf.: longitudinal, tangential).

ZOARIUM     (noun)

The hard parts of a bryozoan colony as a whole [pronounced: zō-air-ee-um] (cf.: zooecium).

ZOOECIUM     (noun)

The hard parts of a single zooid of a bryozoan colony [pronounced: zō-ees-ee-um] (cf.: zoarium).

ZOOID     (noun)

An individual bryozoan animal, including both the soft-parts (the polypide) and the hard-parts (the zooecium) [pronounced: zō-oid].

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KEY TO CITATIONS BELOW

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barnes, Robert D., 1987, Invertebrate Zoology [fifth edition]: Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, ix + 893 p. ----- V.

Bassler, Ray S., 1953, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part G. Bryozoa: Geological Society of America, New York, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, p. i-xiii, G1-G253.

Beck, D. Elden, and Lee F. Braithwaite, 1962, Phylum Ectoprocta: p. 160-163 IN Invertebrate Zoology. Laboratory Workbook: Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Boardman, R. S., A. H. Cheetham, D. B. Blake, John Utgaard, O. L. Karlkins, P. L. Cook, P. A. Sandberg, Genevieve Lutaud, and T. S. Wood, 1983, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part G. Bryozoa. Revised. Volume 1: Introduction, Order Cystoporata, Order Cryptostomata: Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, xxvi + 625 p.

Bullough, W. S., 1960, Phylum Ectoprocta: p. 156-161 IN Practical Invertebrate Anatomy: Macmillan, London.

Cuffey, Roger J., Richard Arnold Davis, and John E. Utgaard, 2002, The Cincinnati Paleobryozoologists: IN Annals of Bryozoology: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans (Wyse Jackson, Patrick N., and Mary E. Spencer Jones, editors): International Bryozoology Assocation, c/o Department of Geology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, p. 59-79.

Davis, R. A., 1992, Cincinnati fossils. An elementary guide to the Ordovician rocks and fossils of the Cincinnati, Ohio, region (third edition): Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnati Museum of Natural History, 61 p.

Dutro, J. T., jr., and R. S. Boardman, editors, 1981, Lophophorates. Notes for a short course: University of Tennessee, Department of Geological Sciences, Studies in Geology 5 (edited by T. W. Broadhead), iv + 251 p. (available through the Paleontological Society).

Hickman, Cleveland P., jr., Larry S. Roberts, and Allan Larson, 1997, Integrated Principles of Zoology (tenth edition): Wm. C. Brown, Dubuque, Iowa, xix + 901 p., specifically, chapter 23 "The Lophophorate Animals", p. 442-448.

Margulis, Lynn, and Karlene V. Schwartz, 1998, Five Kingdoms. An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth: W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, xx + 520 p. (paperbound; ISBN 0-7167-3183-5), p. 302-305,

McKinney, F. K., and J. B. C. Jackson, 1989, Bryozoan Evolution: Unwin Hyman, Boston, xii + 238 p.

Raven, Peter H., George B. Johnson, and Stuart Ira Fox, 1999, Biology (fifth edition). WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, xxviii + 1284 p. (ISBN 0-07-235692-8), specifically, p. 824.

Rogick, M. D., 1960, Bugula etc.: p. 267-270 IN Brown, Frank A., jr., 1960, Selected Invertebrate Types: John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Wyse Jackson, Patrick N., and Mary E. Spencer Jones, 2002, Annals of Bryozoology: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans: International Bryozoology Assocation, c/o Department of Geology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, viii + 382 p. [printed by Colour Books, Baldoyle, Dublin].

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ANKYLIOGRAPHY

(Editorial note: The word "ankyliography" is analogous to the word "bibliography", but is derived from the Greek word "ankylion", which denotes a link in a chain [as opposed to "biblion", "book"].)

Duke University runs a "Bryozoa Movies" WEB-page.

(The URL is: http://www.biology.duke.edu/mcshealab/McSheaLabPage/bryozoamovies.htm)