BIG BONE LICK
BOONE COUNTY, KENTUCKY
ANIMAL REMAINS REPORTED
complied by
R. A. Davis
Preface
Notes
Historic (= "Zone A")
Recent Prehistoric (= "Zone B")
Ancient Prehistoric (= "Zone C" and older)
About this web-page -- Caveat lector !
The following chronology was compiled from various sources. In some instances, different publications give different versions of the same "information". Hence, in some cases, the specific source of particular information given is indicated in the format (Jackson, 1962, p. 126); this means that the source is on page 126 in Jackson's 1962 publication, as cited in the bibliography web-page.
If you have any suggestions, corrections, or other comments, please, direct them to me.
R. A. Davis
Professor of Biology and Geology
College of Mount St. Joseph
5701 Delhi Road
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45233-1670
1. "Zone" designations are those used by the University of Nebraska excavators in their 1962-1966 excavations.
2. None of the remains are any more ancient than Late Pleistocene. Nebraska did a radio-carbon date on a ground-sloth -- 18,000 BP (BP = before present; see also the radio-carbon dates listed on the Bibliography web-page.).
3. The information is summarized from a number of sources. Some of the reports used are quite old, so some identifications might not be correct or up to date.
Symbols
|
* |
= |
the type-specimen of the species was found at Big Bone |
|
** |
= |
the type-specimen may have come from there, but data are unclear. |
| taxonomic position | Genus/species | common name |
| Artiodactyla | Bison bison | present-day American bison |
| Bos taurus | domestic cattle | |
| Odocoileus virginianus | whitetail deer | |
| Sus scrofa | European domestic hog | |
| Carnivora | Canis familiaris | domestic dog |
| Perissodactyla | Equus caballus | domestic horse |
| Primates | Homo sapiens |
human being (artifacts only) |
| taxonomic position | Genus/species | common name |
| Artiodactyla | Bison bison | present-day American bison |
|
Cervus elaphus canadensis |
wapiti ("American elk") | |
| Odocoileus sp. | deer | |
| Carnivora | Canis familiaris | domestic dog |
| Perissodactyla | Equus caballus | domestic horse |
| Primates | Homo sapiens |
human being (artifacts only) |
ANCIENT PREHISTORIC ("Zone C" and older)
| taxonomic position | Genus/species | common name |
| Artiodactyla | * Bison antiquus (Leidy) | "antique bison" |
| * Bootherium bombifrons (Harlan) | "woodland musk-ox" | |
| * Cervalces scotti (Lydekker) | "elk-moose" (sometimes called "stag-moose") | |
| Rangifer sp. | caribou | |
| Carnivora | Ursus sp. | bear |
| Edentata | Megalonyx jeffersonii (Desmarest) | "Jefferson's ground-sloth" |
|
**
Paramylodon harlani (Owen) (sometimes known as Glossotherium harlani; originally named Mylodon harlani) |
"Harlan's ground-sloth" | |
| Perissodactyla | Equus sp. cf. E. complicatus (Owen) | horse |
| ** Tapirus haysii Leidy | tapir | |
| (The original specimen of Tapirus haysii, a tooth, apparently was collected at Big Bone, but it probably is not actually from a tapir, but, rather, from a juvenile "American mastodon". If so, then, Tapirus haysii is a junior synonym of Mammut americanum.) | ||
| Proboscidea | Mammut americanum (Kerr) | "American mastodon" |
| Mammuthus columbi (Falconer) | "Columbian mammoth" | |
| Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach) | "woolly mammoth" | |
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22 November 1999, 3 May & 18 October 2000; 25 February 2001; 03 October 2002; 10 February 2003; 21 August 2003; 01 November 2008